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Data description/Result options

Contents

List of maximum radial deformations of pipe wall over the circumference of the cross-section (Output Table)

Data description/Result options:

ELEM:

Number of element where deformation calculations have been performed at mid cross-section

WGROUND-M:

Maximum radial deformation of pipe wall due to lateral soil reactions

WBEND-M:

Maximum radial deformation of pipe wall due to ovalisation of bend caused by bending moment

(Undefined if ELEM is not a bend element, unless the Material Model option is set to Non-Linear.)

W+WD/D-M:

Maximum change of diameter (in %) due to loads on cross-section

(The outer diameter is used.)

WTOTAL-M:

Maximum total radial deformation of pipe wall due to all loads on cross-section

(Not necessarily the sum of WGROUND-M and WBEND-M, for the maximum values of these deformations may not occur at the same point of the cross-section)

RG/KLG-M:

Elastic impression of the soil at 50 % of 'horizontal' bearing capacity (1)

(RG is 50 % of RH or (RVS+RVT)/2 whichever has the lowest value, KLG is KLH or (KLS+KLT)/2 whichever has the lowest value, so -M means 'Minimum' in stead of 'Maximum' here.)

KLG-M:

'Horizontal' bedding constant (soil stiffness) (1)

(KLG = KLH or (KLS+KLT)/2 as long as WTOTAL is less than or equal to RG/KLG-M. If WTOTAL > RG/KLG-M, KLG decreases. KLG is a bilinear soil spring.)

AX_BUCKL-M:

Maximum axial buckling strain as a percentage of the critical one

EXT_PRESS-M:

Maximum percentage of critical strain due to external pressure

IMPL_PR-M:

All-around external pressure on the pipe as a percentage of the maximum allowable value

IMPL_MB-M:

Bending moment as a percentage of the allowable bending moment for buckling

IMPL_COMB-M:

Combination of external pressure and bending moment as a percentage of the allowable value

Note 1:

These quantities are reported only if the Soil Ring-Stiffening Option is Applied. The bilinear soil spring KLG is attached to those points of the cross-section which move to the outside due to the ovalisation. The average soil parameters are taken, so without uncertainty factors. The maximum soil resistance (RG) taken into account is 50 % of the lowest bearing capacity. If RVT = 0, no horizontal soil support springs will be applied.

H620691 (last modified: Apr 23, 2026)